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Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)

21 Mar 2026 GS 2 International Relations
Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Click to view full image

Context

  • FTA talks with Israel and GCC countries are likely to be delayed

  • Reason: Ongoing conflict in West Asia (Middle East) affecting negotiations

Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)

  • The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is a regional intergovernmental organization.

  • It functions as a political, economic, and military alliance.

  • Established to promote regional cooperation and integration among Gulf countries.

Establishment

  • Founded on: 25 May 1981

  • Charter signed at: Abu Dhabi

  • Headquarters: Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Member Countries

Total Members: 6

  • Bahrain

  • Kuwait

  • Oman

  • Qatar

  • Saudi Arabia

  • United Arab Emirates

Note:

  • All members are monarchies

    • Constitutional monarchies: Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar

    • Absolute monarchies: Saudi Arabia, Oman

    • Federal monarchy: UAE

Key Features

  • Official language: Arabic

  • Region rich in oil and natural gas reserves

  • One of the fastest-growing economic regions globally

Objectives

Economic Integration

  • Customs Union (2003)

  • Common Market (2007)

  • Proposed Common Currency (target: 2010, not achieved)

Monetary Union

  • Proposed common currency: “Khaleeji”

  • Issues:

    • Oman opted out (2006)

    • UAE withdrew (2009) due to central bank location dispute

Military Cooperation

  • Peninsula Shield Force

    • Established: 1984

    • Acts as joint military arm of GCC

Expansion

  • Proposed inclusion:

    • Jordan

    • Morocco

    • Yemen

  • Not included:

    • Iraq (only Gulf Arab state outside GCC)

Prelims Practice MCQs

Q. Which of the following countries are members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)?

  1. Saudi Arabia

  2. Oman

  3. Iran

  4. Qatar

Select the correct answer:

A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1, 2 and 4 only
C. 2, 3 and 4 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer: B

Explanation:

  • GCC members:

    • Saudi Arabia

    • UAE

    • Qatar

    • Kuwait

    • Oman

    • Bahrain

  • Iran is not a member.

Q. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) was established in:

A. 1971
B. 1981
C. 1991
D. 2001

Answer: B

Explanation:

  • GCC was established in 1981 for regional cooperation.



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