India could achieve quantum communication using satellite by 2030, says IIT-Delhi Professor
Quantum Communication via Satellite
Prelims-Oriented Points:
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Quantum Communication: Involves secure transfer of information using quantum mechanics principles, mainly Quantum Key Distribution (QKD).
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QKD Principle: Uses photons as "quantum keys" for encryption. Any attempt at interception can be detected instantly due to quantum entanglement.
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Entanglement-Based QKD: Most secure form, but technically complex. Entangled photon pairs mirror each other instantly, enabling high-security communication.
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Free-Space vs Fibre Optics:
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Fibre-optic cables offer more stable channels.
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Free-space (wireless) quantum communication faces atmospheric disturbances (e.g. turbulence, pollution).
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Satellite-based quantum communication is ideal for long distances.
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India’s Status:
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IIT-Delhi demonstrated QKD over 1 km without cables — India's farthest so far.
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India could achieve satellite-based quantum communication by 2030.
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Global Context:
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China demonstrated satellite-based quantum communication around 2017, with distances up to 1,700 km.
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China started quantum communication research in the early 2000s.
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Mains-Oriented Points:
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Challenges in India:
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Requires large, multidisciplinary, well-funded teams.
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Involvement of start-ups and industry is essential.
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Atmospheric disturbances in urban areas increase error rates in free-space quantum channels.
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Potential and Future Vision:
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Quantum communication is vital for cybersecurity, military communication, and strategic autonomy.
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Satellites can enable quantum communication between any two distant points, reducing infrastructure cost.
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India's progress is currently at proof of concept stage; scaling requires policy, funding, and ecosystem development.
With better beam control and signal optimisation, error rates in free-space quantum channels can be reduced.
India may become technologically ready within 5 years (by 2030).
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